Syahrul27 - GRAMEEN BANK
About the Grameen Bank
Grameen
Bank is a microcredit organization that started in Bangladesh that provides
small loans to people who are less able to without requiring collateral. This
system is based on the idea that the poor have less ability to use. Different
from these loans is a loan given to a group of women who are still productive
in poor social status. The pattern of Grameen bank has been adopted by almost
130 countries around the world (mostly country of Asia and Africa). If applied
consistently, Grameen Bank model can achieve the goal to help the poor economy
through women, the Bank was selected as a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
(along with Muhammad Yunus) in 2006.
Bangladesh, The establishment of Grameen Bank
Bangladesh
is one of the countries in South Asia are relatively poor country. This country
meperoleh independence in 1971. Initially Bangladesh was part of Pakistan to
the east, but the government in the western sector indifferent to the eastern
sector resulting in Bangladesh do secession through a war supported by India.
At
the inception of Bangladesh, the economy does not have strong fundamentals,
while the government system is still a mess. In the most difficult times around
the 1970s, a professor of the Faculty of Economics, University of Chittagong
named Muhammad Yunus appeared to bring the concept of micro-economy that will
greatly affect the lives of the poor. This concept is called by Muhammad Yunus
as Grameen Bank or the bank for the poor. Beginning the establishment of the
bank is only a business unit of credit specifically targeted to the poor.
However, over time, a business unit of credit is growing rapidly becoming a
reality Grameen Bank that can minimize and even eliminate poverty in
Bangladesh. Today, Grameen Bank operates not only in Bangladesh but also has
grown very rapidly and adopted by more than 100 countries worldwide. Grameen
Bank does not see a difference of ideology, economics, law, even politics.
Grameen Bank is only focused on one thing, namely poverty. Therefore, poverty
is an indication of the poor economy and the welfare state.
Established history of Grameen Bank 1974 is the year that must be faced with heavy by Bangladesh, because this year Bangladesh into the grip of famine. This is certainly very worrying, because a new small country won its independence with the economy and politics are not stable should Playing the famine that resulted in a lot of citizens who died.
Established history of Grameen Bank 1974 is the year that must be faced with heavy by Bangladesh, because this year Bangladesh into the grip of famine. This is certainly very worrying, because a new small country won its independence with the economy and politics are not stable should Playing the famine that resulted in a lot of citizens who died.
Muhammad
Yunus, A Chittagong University professor and Dean of the Faculty of Economics
is very worried looking at the situation. When famine in 1974 were struck
Bangladesh, Yunus believes that during this all sorts of classical and modern
economic theory that is elegantly taught on campus could not answer the social
problems in the country, not only hunger but also poverty and other
socio-economic problems.
Looking
at the situation getting worse, Jonah decided to go directly to the field to
see the real condition of the people who suffer from hunger and poverty. Jobra
village is the center of the object to be observed, because the area close to
the campus. Jonah initial project is to find out how many families in the
village Jobra who have arable land and crops that can be worked on, skills of
the villagers, the obstacles faced in promoting their welfare, and how many
people are poor. After conducting an analysis of causation, Jonah then conduct
a study on the agricultural economy, followed by a rural development through
agriculture.
Rural
development carried out by Professor Muhammad Yunus did not stop on the
agricultural sector alone. After reap positive results, in 1976 Jonah began
visiting the poorest households in Jobra. The visit gave birth to a new
inspiration when Jonah meet one of the benches in the village artisans Jobra.
Yunus talks to the maker of the results led to the conclusion that the average
poor people who have a profession as a small businessman is very difficult to
obtain credit and even forced to borrow money from moneylenders which would
provide higher interest charges so very damning of the debtor, the debtor is
especially poor .
From
year to year, the continuous development of the village. Jonah then make an
initial pilot project known as the Grameen Bank. The project was set up on the
grounds that conventional banks and credit unions usually require payment at
once. It is certainly difficult psychologically perceived by borrowers,
especially the predicate belonging to the poor. The system developed by Grameen
Bank is exactly the opposite of conventional banks. The customer can become a
member by paying their installments nomonal value of money is so small that the
borrower is not burdensome. Additionally, customers are encouraged to
familiarize themselves in saving. Therefore, they can accumulate savings make
the handle in times of trouble or be used to increase opportunities for
increased revenue. At that time, Grameen Bank set 5 percent of each loan into
savings. Loans made not by individuals but groups.
After progressing very rapidly, Grameen Bank began to open branches in each pedasaan in Bangladesh. Banks are also increasingly improved performance. Grameen Bank is not just a loan that is easily accessible emberikan poor, but also provide training to borrowers in promoting their business.
Period 90s, Grameen Bank has shown how the system is working effectively. The borrowers who were once classified as poor, now no longer just crossed the poverty line, but also has left it far behind. One borrower who never bertenmu directly with Professor Yunus installments per week revealed that more than 500 taka (US $ 12). 500 taka borrowed it is the first loan value when ten years ago. This means that their capacity to borrow, invest and pay back folds up to 50 times in 10 years. Grameen Bank has also established a museum called the Museum of Poverty as a symbol that the bank's performance during this very effectively eradicate poverty.
After progressing very rapidly, Grameen Bank began to open branches in each pedasaan in Bangladesh. Banks are also increasingly improved performance. Grameen Bank is not just a loan that is easily accessible emberikan poor, but also provide training to borrowers in promoting their business.
Period 90s, Grameen Bank has shown how the system is working effectively. The borrowers who were once classified as poor, now no longer just crossed the poverty line, but also has left it far behind. One borrower who never bertenmu directly with Professor Yunus installments per week revealed that more than 500 taka (US $ 12). 500 taka borrowed it is the first loan value when ten years ago. This means that their capacity to borrow, invest and pay back folds up to 50 times in 10 years. Grameen Bank has also established a museum called the Museum of Poverty as a symbol that the bank's performance during this very effectively eradicate poverty.
Grameen
Bank has now been adopted by more than 100 countries worldwide. As a form of
appreciation for having successfully completed the poverty, the founding father
of his Professor Muhammad Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
Grameen
Bank Role in Combating poverty in Bangladesh, Grameen Bank has a major role for
the little people. Banking system which uses almost opposite of that used by
conventional banks. In fact to this day that the conventional banks
increasingly pro on people. Lots of conventional banks only willing to fund
projects that generate large profits. In fact, they also complicate the poor
with interest rates on loans that are not affordable and collateral. Yet the
poor do not have enough money to restore interest and they also do not have
collateral. So also with the moneylenders. Procedurally, the poor are
relatively easier to borrow money to them, but its lending is very high even
higher than conventional bank interest. Both conventional banks and
moneylenders now a representation of modern capitalism and feudalism, where the
poor are getting poorer, while the rich get richer.
Poverty
in Bangladesh is a major issue. However, the presence of the Grameen Bank,
founded by Muhammad Yunus gives a major role in addressing poverty solutions
rooted in Bangladesh for many years. Grameen Bank not only provides financial
solutions in terms of the poor, but also to change the old-fashioned culture of
local residents, where a woman may only be in the house and not allowed to
carry out economic activities outside the home. With the presence of the
Grameen Bank, although women are not allowed to carry out economic activities outside
the home, but with a variety of solutions, although women can work in the home.
Grameen Bank is also a form of implementation of consistency. As the bank of
the poor, Grameen Bank does not appear in the form of exclusive financial
institutions as well as other conventional banks, but incarnated as an
institution located in a poor neighborhood in real terms. One concrete example
that happened in Bangladesh is a code of conduct in the system at the Grameen
Bank about what should be done by the manager when it opened a branch in an
area.
For
example, a manager came to a place that has been agreed to set up a branch
without formal introductions. They had no office, no place to live, and no one
they know. His first task was to document everything about the area. They are
not allowed to come to the village with the official style with pomp and
expecting delicious dishes and comfort. The manager and his assistant must pay
their own lodgings and are not allowed to stay in a luxury environment. They
are only allowed to stay in abandoned homes, boarding schools, or local council
office. They must reject the offer of eating from villagers who were to explain
that it was contrary to the rules of Grameen. This indicates that an
institution that has the orientation of the poor do have to live with the poor
all-round way.
Therefore, the Grameen Bank declared successfully completed poverty, because Grameen Bank in its mission is not only focused on doing credit as that of conventional banks in general, but more than that, Grameen Bank "transformed" into the poor themselves, as with That's how the Grameen Bank can fully aware of all aspects of the causes of poverty and the right solution in the cut of the causes of poverty in Bangladesh.
Therefore, the Grameen Bank declared successfully completed poverty, because Grameen Bank in its mission is not only focused on doing credit as that of conventional banks in general, but more than that, Grameen Bank "transformed" into the poor themselves, as with That's how the Grameen Bank can fully aware of all aspects of the causes of poverty and the right solution in the cut of the causes of poverty in Bangladesh.
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